Watch with tide graph series#

These governments faced coups sponsored by the United States government as part of its geostrategic interest in the region.

Watch with tide graph series#

ChГЎvez was the leading role of pink tide.Дuring the Cold War, a series of left-leaning governments were elected in Latin America. RaГєl Castro of Cuba and Hugo ChГЎvez of Venezuela.

A resurgence of the pink tide was kicked off by Mexico in 2018 and Argentina in 2019, and further established by Bolivia in 2020, along with Peru, Honduras, and Chile in 2021, and Colombia in 2022, with the first left-wing president-elect in Colombia's history. Some authors have proposed that there are multiple distinct pink tides rather than a single one, with the first pink tide happening during the late 1990s and early 2000s, and a second pink tide encompassing the elections of the late 2010s to early 2020s. The pink tide was followed by the conservative wave, a political phenomenon that emerged in the early 2010s as a direct reaction to the pink tide. Some pink tide governments, such as those of Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela, have been varyingly characterized as being ' anti-American', as well as populist, for their rejection of the Washington Consensus, and as authoritarian, particularly in the case of Nicaragua and Venezuela by the 2010s. The Latin American countries viewed as part of this ideological trend have been referred to as pink tide nations, with the term post-neoliberalism or socialism of the 21st century being used to describe the movement as well. Such governments have been referred to as ' left-of-centre', 'left-leaning', and 'radical social-democratic'. As a term, both phrases are used in contemporary 21st-century political analysis in the news media and elsewhere to refer to a move toward more economic progressive or social progressive policies in Latin America. The pink tide ( Spanish: marea rosa, Portuguese: onda rosa, French: marГ©e rose), or the turn to the left (Spanish: giro a la izquierda, Portuguese: volta Г esquerda, French: tournant Г gauche), was a political wave and perception of a turn towards left-wing governments in Latin American democracies moving away from the neoliberal economic model at the start of the 21st century. Map of Latin America shows countries with members of the SГЈo Paulo Forum ruling parties (red) and non-SГЈo Paulo Forum ruling parties (blue) in 2011 (left), 2018 (center), and 2022 (right).